Theta-matrix Compositor
The Theta-matrix Compositor is a device aboard Federation starships in the 24th century, such as the Galaxy Class and the Intrepid Class. It is used to recrystallize Dilithium Crystals while still in the articulation frame of a Warp Core. (TNG: "Family", VOY: "Innocence")
This device was designed by the Chief engineer of the USS Enterprise-D Geordi LaForge. Prior to it's development, the Dilithium crystals would require removal from the core prior to recrystallization.
The device promotes the growth and restructuring of Dilithium Crystals by bombarding the Crystal with a lower band of Theta Radiation. It is not clear if this can be done while the warp drive is operational, but it is clear that the process can be preformed without the removal of the Crystals from the Dilithium Crystal Chamber.